Economist Linda J. Bilmes (Senior Lecturer, Harvard University) and policy analysts Stephen Semler (Co-Founder, Security Policy Reform Institute) and William D. Hartung (Senior Research Fellow, Quincy Institute) calculate that U.S. spending on Israel’s military operations and related U.S operations in the region total at least $22.76 billion and counting. This estimate is conservative; while it includes approved security assistance funding since October 7, 2023, supplemental funding for regional operations, and an estimated additional cost of operations, it does not include any other economic costs.